The most important fundamental characteristic of a forest, which gives it strength and ability to adapt, is its great diversity. This is evidenced by preserved virgin forests, in which natural processes of self-preservation prevail. Slovenian foresters are traditionally tied to the knowledge they draw from virgin forests. They use them as a classroom and in it they test the ways in which they can work in a commercial forest.
Damjan Oražem, director of the Slovenian Forest Service, pointed out that the forestry school in Slovenia began to emerge over 100 years ago. At that time, they recorded the beginning of planned management of Slovenian forests, which was introduced on large estates by Austrians and Germans. Later, however, we moved into our own direction, which is now recognizable in the world. The Slovenian forestry school is based on three principles:
1. the principle of sustainability, which we learn in the rainforests,
2. the principle of multifunctionality, i.e. all functions occur in the same area at the same time,
3. the principle of sustainability, which is the oldest forestry principle.
After a few decades, scientists began to warn about climate change, and it is most reflected in forestry. Climate change forecasts and simulations are made for certain normal altitudes, but foresters have found that the most severe climate changes are most pronounced in mountain forests, which have had the most peaceful past for all these centuries. The consequences of climate change are mainly manifested as an increase in the average annual temperature and a change in the precipitation regime. There is much less precipitation, heat waves are longer, and because of all this, an increased occurrence of pests and diseases is recorded in forests. Slovenian forests were most affected by the catastrophic icefall in 2014, which caused nine million cubic meters of damaged and fallen trees. Then the forests were hit by two more windfalls, in 2017 and 2018. All the disasters together damaged 20 million cubic meters of trees.
The show presents the LIFEGENMON project, in which experts from the Forestry Institute of Slovenia monitor the genetic diversity of fir and beech and determine how to preserve and use this diversity for the benefit of the forest. In the future, beech, the queen of the Slovenian forest, will primarily replace sensitive spruce in areas where harsher conditions due to climate change are certain to be expected.
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