{"id":3138,"date":"2021-05-14T07:14:13","date_gmt":"2021-05-14T07:14:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vsptuj.si\/?p=3138"},"modified":"2025-05-28T13:33:55","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T11:33:55","slug":"kako-s-posnemanjem-ribjih-lusk-zmanjsati-turbulenco-in-upor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vsptuj.si\/en\/2021\/05\/14\/kako-s-posnemanjem-ribjih-lusk-zmanjsati-turbulenco-in-upor\/","title":{"rendered":"How to reduce turbulence and drag by imitating fish scales"},"content":{"rendered":"

Two studies conducted at the University of London show that the roughness of fish scales does not act like the typical roughness of other materials. Although the shape and size vary between species, fish scales are essentially a series of overlapping, shell-like protrusions. The peaks of the uneven scales create a slower flow of water behind them. The overlapping sides of the scales create valleys through which most of the water flows. As the fish swims, it creates alternating bands of \u201clow flow\u201d; behind the peaks of the fish scales, \u201chigh flow\u201d follows the valleys.<\/p>\n

This striated pattern prevents the scales from behaving like a typical rough surface, keeping the flow over the fish smooth, like the gentle flow of a stream. Physicists call this \u201claminar\u201d flow, which means the fluid flows in parallel streams, or laminations, rather than swirling and eddying. Its opposite\u2014turbulent flow\u2014is like a rushing river, foaming around rocks, swirling, and mixing. It makes sense that fish would swim more easily against the flow of a stream than against a rushing river. But this study isn\u2019t about how laminar or turbulent a body can be in water. It\u2019s about the flow right next to the skin of a swimming fish, in an area called the \u201cboundary layer.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bruecker of the University of London explains that for fish swimming in the ocean, water within 30.48 m is not a hindrance, and that distant water does not contribute to the friction that the fish must overcome to move forward. Even a few centimeters of water does not have a significant impact on drag. The drag is affected by the critical millimeter of water volume located right next to the fish's skin.<\/p>\n

If the flow in this boundary layer becomes turbulent, Bruecker says, friction increases by almost fivefold. Fish scales, with their lower drag, maintain a steady, laminar flow along the fish's body.<\/p>\n

In one experiment, researchers used a dye to visualize flow over a flat, smooth plate and compared it to a scaly surface. Over the smooth plate, the flow quickly \u201cdegraded\u201d into turbulent swirling and mixing because there were no structures to smooth it out. In contrast, the red lines on the scale showed that the laminar profile was maintained for a much longer distance from the smooth plate. Of course, as the fish swims faster and faster, the flow will eventually become turbulent. The fish\u2019s scales delay the transition.<\/p>\n

Scientists have found that boundary layer flow is determined not only by the shape of fish scales, but also by their size. If the scales were too wide, they would act like a traditional rough surface, mixing the water and increasing drag. So faster swimmers, which have thinner boundary layers, need smaller scales. The researchers think this could explain why some fast swimmers, such as tuna, have smaller scales than slower swimmers, such as carp.<\/p>\n

One of the key findings of the study was that delaying the transition to turbulent flow over scaly surfaces can reduce drag by up to 27 %, compared to smooth surfaces. Why is this important for fish? \u201cIt\u2019s all about saving kinetic energy,\u201d says Bruecker. More efficient swimming allows fish to travel longer distances with less food.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Application options<\/strong><\/p>\n

Incorporating fish scales into material designs could also help people use less fuel. Coated coatings in pipes could reduce friction losses along pipelines. Etching the scales onto the surfaces of airplanes, submarines, and cars could also improve fuel efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<\/p>\n

Visit us on social media (Facebook, Instagram)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

Summarized by AskNature.org<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na londonski univerzi so izvedli dve \u0161tudiji, ki ka\u017eeta, da hrapavost ribjih lusk ne deluje, kot tipi\u010dna hrapavost drugih materialov. \u010ceprav se oblika in velikost pri vrstah razlikujeta, so ribje luske v bistvu vrsta prekrivajo\u010dih se izboklin, v obliki \u0161koljk. Vrhovi neravnih lusk, za seboj ustvarjajo po\u010dasnej\u0161i pretok vode. Prekrivajo\u010de se strani lusk tvorijo doline, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3139,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRibje luske<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kako s posnemanjem ribje luske zmanj\u0161ati turbulenco in upor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vsptuj.si\/en\/2021\/05\/14\/kako-s-posnemanjem-ribjih-lusk-zmanjsati-turbulenco-in-upor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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